Chapter 15 Digestion and Nutrition
Expectations

By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
1. Define and tell the importance of the following vocab terms: alimentary canal, digest, absorb, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, labia, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, frenulum, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil, mastication, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, mucosa, submucosa, serosa, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, mesentery, stomach, cardoesophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, rugae, greater curvature, lesser curvature, gastric juice, chief cells, pepsinogen, parietal cells, intrinsic factor, gastrin, chyme, small intestine, duodenum, ileocecal valve, jejunum, ileum, pancreatic duct, bile duct, microvilli, villi, large intestine, cecum, (vermiform) appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, anus, haustra, pancreas, liver, bile, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis, parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual glands, salivary amylase, deciduous teeth, incisors, premolar, molar, crown, root, gingival, enamel, neck, cementum, periodontal (membrane0 ligament, dentin, pulp cavity, root canal, injestion, propulsion, paeristalsis, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation, deglutition, pancreatic amylase, brush border enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, bile salts, pancratice lipase, hydrochloric acid, peptic ulcer, heartburn, hiatal hernia, rennin, vomiting, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatitis, feces, mass movements, defecation reflex, diarrhea, constipation, appendicitis, emulsify
2. The meaning of the following root words/affixes should be learned: aliment-, chym-, decidu-, gastr-, hepat-, lingu-, nutri-, peri-, pyl-, vill-
3. The following reading is assigned to be read with the goal of being able to discuss/explain the information contained in them.

Textbook	Pages
Hole's Essentials...	391-420 428-432

4. Make drawings of esophagus, intestine, and liver tissues. You must do drawings of 3 different magnifications labeling the following where they occur in the drawings: stratified squamous non-keratinized, muscularis externa, lumen, goblet cells (in intestine, reticular connective tissue (In Liver) and simple columnar cells. Also on the drawings of the esophagus and intestine, label the mucosa, submucosa, muscula rlayer, and serosa. In your notes you should include magnification of each drawing, characteristics of identification as well as places you find them in your body. These drawings will be due when you take the test over the digestive system. Your drawings and notes will be graded using the same rubric your histology “notebook”.
5. Identify the structures/ tissues/cells listed in #2 in microscopic images as part of the lab practical.
6 Identify the structures labeled Figure 15.8 on p. 398 and figure 15.9 on p. 399.
7. Describe the sites of digestion of the macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) as well as the enzymes necessary for their digestion.
8. Name the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs and identify each on an appropriate diagram or model.
9. Identify the overall function of the digestive system as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs, and describe the general activities of each digestive system organ.
10. Describe the composition and functions of saliva.
11. Explain how villi aid digestive processes in the small intestine.
12. Describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting, and defecation.
13. List the major enzymes or enzyme groups produced by the digestive organs or accessory glands and name the foodstuffs on which they act.
14. Name the end products of protein, fat, carbohydrate digestion.
15. Explain why bile and pancreatic lipases are necessary for digestion of fats.
16. Correctly put the organs of the alimentary canal in order that food passes through them.
17. Dissect a preserved cat and identify the following structures in a practical.

esophagus		labia
stomach		Small intestine
	pyloric region		duodenum
	body		jejunum
	cardioesophageal sphincter		ileum
visceral peritoneum		parietal peritoneum
Large intestine		liver
	cecum	gall bladder
	ascending colon
	transverse colon
	descending colon
	sigmoid colon

18. I recommend the following review questions to help you prepare for the test:
questions 1-3,5-9,11,13-27,31-33
I also recommend you try some of the online review activities associated with our textbook websites. You can access them through the links button to the left then clicking on the appropriate book/chapter link.